By Stuart Palmer | Head of Wine, Whisky & Spirits
At Hansons Auctioneers, we appreciate both the “Proof” of strength in spirits and the meticulous process of “Proof-Reading.” Therefore, before we immerse ourselves in the captivating world of American whiskey, it’s essential to clarify a significant detail. The inclusion of the letter “e” in the spelling of whiskey is not arbitrary; rather, it’s a deliberate addition rooted in the Irish heritage of many early distillers who made their mark in America. This distinctive spelling sets apart American and Irish spirits from Scotch whisky, which, in its time, was considered inferior and less favoured.
Now, let’s embark on a journey through the rich history and distinctive qualities that make American whiskey a true collector’s treasure.
The Rich Tapestry of American Whiskey
The journey of American whiskey begins in the late 18th century when Scottish and Irish immigrants brought their distillation techniques to the New World. These early settlers discovered an abundance of grain, particularly corn, which soon became a cornerstone of American whiskey production.
A defining chapter in American whiskey history is the Prohibition era (1920-1933). The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution banned the production, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages, forcing many distilleries to close or operate illicitly. However, a few distilleries, such as Old Forester and Maker’s Mark, received permits to produce “medicinal whiskey,” allowing them to survive this challenging period.
The repeal of Prohibition in 1933 sparked a revival in American whiskey. This renaissance led to the establishment of new regulations and the resurgence of many distilleries, laying the groundwork for the classic American whiskey brands we know today.
What Sets American Whiskey Apart?
American whiskey, particularly bourbon, is distinguished by several unique characteristics:
Mash Bill: The mash bill is the recipe of grains used in whiskey production. For bourbon, the law requires a mash bill of at least 51% corn, which imparts a distinct sweetness. In contrast, Scotch whisky typically uses malted barley as its primary grain.
New Charred Oak Barrels: By law, bourbon must be aged in new charred oak barrels. This process imparts rich flavours and deep colours to the whiskey. Scotch whisky, on the other hand, is often aged in used barrels, resulting in a different flavour profile.
Geographical Influence: While Scotch whisky is exclusively produced in Scotland, American whiskey can be made anywhere in the United States. However, certain types, like Tennessee whiskey, must be produced in Tennessee and follow specific guidelines, such as the Lincoln County Process of charcoal filtering.
Distillation Proof: American whiskey is typically distilled to a lower proof than Scotch, preserving more of the grain’s natural flavours and character.
Regulations and Classifications: American whiskey includes various types, such as bourbon, Tennessee whiskey, and rye whiskey, each governed by specific regulations. For instance, bourbon cannot contain any additives or colourings.
Collectible Names to Watch
For collectors, certain distilleries represent quality, rarity, and historical significance. Here are some names to look out for:
Pappy Van Winkle
The Old Rip Van Winkle brand, a pre-prohibition bourbon label, was revived by the Van Winkle family after selling their Stitzel-Weller distillery. Julian Van Winkle III later moved bottling to the Hoffman distillery, introducing the Pappy Van Winkle range using well-aged barrels from Stitzel-Weller. After Stitzel-Weller closed in 1992, a partnership with Buffalo Trace began in 2002, transitioning to Buffalo Trace distilled stock. First bottled in 1994, the Pappy Van Winkle first debuted a 20-year release and is now one of the world’s most sought-after bourbons. The historic Buffalo Trace distillery, founded in 1812 and later owned by the Sazerac company, continues to produce this revered bourbon.
Auction Value could be up to £20,000
Blanton’s
Produced at the Buffalo Trace Distillery since 1984, Blanton’s is renowned for being the first single-barrel bourbon commercially released. Each bottle is hand-filled and labelled, making it a unique addition to any collection
Auction Value could be up to £5,000
Old Fitzgerald
Originally produced at Stitzel-Weller Distillery (founded in 1935) and now by Heaven Hill, Old Fitzgerald is known for its wheated bourbon recipe, which provides a smoother, softer taste. Collectors often seek out its vintage decanters and limited releases.
Auction Value could be up to £11,000
Michter’s Distillery
Originally founded in 1753 and now based in Louisville, Kentucky, Michter’s produces a range of acclaimed whiskeys. Their small-batch and limited-release bottles are particularly prized by collectors.
Auction Value could be up to £20,000
Wild Turkey
Owners Austin Nichols began selling wine and spirits in 1855. The Ripy brothers opened their distillery on Wild Turkey Hill in 1869, and their bourbon represented Kentucky at the 1893 World’s Fair. Wild Turkey Bourbon got its name in 1940 when a distillery executive shares his bourbon with friends on an annual hunting trip. Master Distiller Jimmy Russell joined in 1954, followed by his son Eddie in 1981. Key product launches include the first bourbon liqueur in 1976, Rare Breed, premium range in 1991, and Kentucky Spirit in 1995.
Auction Value could be up to £3,000
Old Forester
Based in Louisville, Kentucky, Old Forester has the distinction of being the only bourbon continually sold by the same company before, during, and after Prohibition. Established in 1870, its whiskeys are celebrated for their consistency and historical significance.
Auction Value could be up to £3,000
Some other names to look out for, some rarer than others include Red Hook, Whistlepig, Twisted Spoke, Overholt, Eagle Rare and Colonel E.H. Taylor and Willett Family Estate.
Discover the Hidden Gems in Your Collection
American whiskey is not just a drink; it’s a testament to resilience, craftsmanship, and heritage. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or a curious enthusiast, the world of American whiskey offers a treasure trove of history and flavours waiting to be discovered. Take a moment to check your collection – you might just uncover a bottle with a remarkable story and significant value.
If you believe you have a rare or valuable bottle, we invite you to reach out to our team at our Bishton Hall saleroom in Staffordshire. We’re here to assist you in appraising and, if you wish, bringing these exceptional pieces to market. Your hidden gem could be the next highlight in our auction.
For assistance, please contact Stuart Palmer, Head of Wine, Whisky & Spirits, at [email protected] or phone 01889 882397.
Cheers to the enduring legacy of American whiskey!
